Matoorada DC waa mashiinno meel walba laga helay qalabyo kala duwan oo elegtaroonig ah oo loo isticmaalo codsiyo kala duwan.

Caadi ahaan, matooradan waxaa la geeyaa qalab u baahan nooc ka mid ah kontoroolka soo saarida wareegtada ama dhaqdhaqaaqa.Matoorada tooska ah ee hadda jira ayaa ah qaybo lagama maarmaan u ah mashruucyo badan oo injineernimada korantada ah.Lahaanshaha faham wanaagsan oo ku saabsan hawlgalka DC-ga dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo xakamaynta xawaaraha mootada waxay awood u siinaysaa injineerada inay naqshadeeyaan codsiyada gaadhaya xakamaynta dhaqdhaqaaqa hufan.

Maqaalkani wuxuu si dhow u eegi doonaa noocyada matoorada DC ee la heli karo, qaabka ay u shaqeeyaan, iyo sida loo gaaro xakamaynta xawaaraha.

Waa maxay Motors DC?

SidaMatoorada AC, Matoorada DC waxay sidoo kale tamarta korontada u beddelaan tamar farsamo.Hawlgalkoodu waa rogaal-dhaliyaha DC-ga kaas oo soo saara koronto.Si ka duwan matoorada AC, matoorada DC waxay ku shaqeeyaan korantada DC-aan-sinusoidal ahayn, awood aan jiho lahayn.

Dhismaha aasaasiga ah

Inkasta oo matoorada DC-ga loo qaabeeyey siyaabo kala duwan, dhammaantood waxay ka kooban yihiin qaybaha aasaasiga ah ee soo socda:

• Rotor (qayb ka mid ah mishiinka wareegta; sidoo kale loo yaqaan "armature")
• Stator (dabaylaha garoonka, ama qaybta "joogta" ee matoorka)
• Commutator (waa la caday karaa ama burush la'aan, iyadoo ku xidhan nooca mootada)
• Magnets-ka goobta (waxay bixisaa goobta birlabeedka ee rotor-ka-celiya xagal ku xiran rotor)

Ficil ahaan, matoorada DC waxay ku shaqeeyaan isdhexgalka ka dhexeeya meelaha magnetic-ka ee ay soo saaraan qalab wareeg ah iyo kan stator ama qaybta go'an.

Xakameeyaha mashiinka burushka aan lahayn DCSawirka loo adeegsaday xushmadaKenzi Mudge.

Mabaadi'da Hawlgelinta

Matoorada DC waxay ku shaqeeyaan mabda'a Faraday ee Electromagnetism kaas oo sheegaya in kirishbooyga hadda sido uu la kulmo awood marka la dhigo goob magnet ah.Marka loo eego Fleming's "Sharciga gacanta bidix ee matoorada korontada," dhaqdhaqaaqa kirishtaanku had iyo jeer wuxuu u socdaa jihada toosan ee hadda iyo goobta magnetic.

Xisaab ahaan, xooggaan waxaan ku qeexi karnaa F = BIL (halka F uu yahay xoog, B waa goobta magnetic, waxaan u taaganahay hadda, Lna waa dhererka kirishbooyada).

Noocyada DC Motors

Matoorada DC waxay u kala baxaan qaybo kala duwan, taasoo ku xidhan dhismahooda.Noocyada ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah buraash ama burush la'aan, magnet joogto ah, taxane, iyo isbarbardhig.

Matoorada la caday iyo kuwa aan burushka lahayn

Matoor DC ah oo la bururayisticmaala laba garaaf ama burush kaarboon ah kuwaas oo loogu talagalay samaynta ama bixinta hadda ee qalabka.Buraashyadan waxaa badanaa lagu hayaa meel u dhow gaadiidka.Shaqooyinka kale ee faa'iidada leh ee burushyada dc matoorada waxaa ka mid ah hubinta hawlgal aan dhalaal lahayn, xakamaynta jihada hadda inta lagu jiro wareegtada, iyo ilaalinta nadiifinta gaadiidka.

Matoorada DC-ga ee bilaa burushka ahkuma jiraan kaarboon ama burushka garaafka.Caadi ahaan waxay ka kooban yihiin hal ama in ka badan oo birlab joogto ah oo ku wareegaya qalab go'an.Meesha burushka, matoorada DC-ga ee aan burushka lahayn waxay isticmaalaan wareegyada elektarooniga ah si ay u xakameeyaan jihada wareega iyo xawaaraha.

Matoorada Magnet Joogta ah

Matoorada birlabeedka joogtada ahi waxay ka kooban yihiin rotor oo ay ku wareegsan yihiin laba birlab oo joogto ah oo iska soo horjeeda.Magnets-yadu waxay bixiyaan qulqulka goobta magnetic marka dc la dhaafo, taas oo sababta rotorku inuu u wareego saacadda ama jihada ka soo horjeeda, iyadoo ku xidhan polarity.Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee matoorka noocaan ah ayaa ah inuu ku shaqeyn karo xawaare isku mid ah oo leh soo noqnoqoshada joogtada ah, taas oo u oggolaanaysa nidaaminta xawaaraha ugu habboon.

Taxane-dhaawac DC Motors

Matoorada Taxanaha ah waxay leeyihiin istator-kooda (badanaa ka samaysan baararka naxaasta) dabaylaha iyo dabaylaha garoonka (gariiradda naxaasta) oo xidhiidhsan.Sidaa awgeed, cududaha hadda iyo qulqulka garoonku waa siman yihiin.Hadda sare ayaa si toos ah uga soo qulqulaya sahayda oo gelaysa dabaylaha garoonka kuwaas oo ka dhumuc weyn kana yar matoorada shunt.Dhumucda dabaylaha garoonku waxa ay kordhisaa awooda rarka qaadida matoorka waxa kale oo ay soo saartaa beero birlabeed ah oo awood leh kuwaas oo siinaya matoorada DC-ga taxane ah wareeg aad u sareeya.

Shunt DC Motors

Matoorka shunt DC wuxuu leeyahay cududdiisa iyo dabaylaha garoonka oo si isbarbar socda ugu xidhan.Xidhiidhka isbarbar yaaca awgeed, labada dabaysha waxay helayaan koronto isku mid ah, in kasta oo ay si gooni ah u faraxsan yihiin.Matoorada shunt sida caadiga ah waxay leeyihiin wareegyo badan oo dabaylaha ah marka loo eego matoorada taxanaha ah ee abuura goobo birlab ah oo xoog badan inta lagu jiro hawlgalka.Matoorada shunt waxay yeelan karaan nidaamin xawli aad u wanaagsan, xitaa iyadoo leh culeysyo kala duwan.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan waxay ka maqan yihiin qulqulka bilowga sare ee matoorada taxanaha ah.

Matoorka iyo wareegga xakamaynta xawaaraha oo lagu rakibay layli yar.Sawirka loo adeegsaday xushmadaDilshan R. Jayakody

Xakamaynta Xawaaraha Baabuurka DC

Waxa jira saddex dariiqo oo waaweyn oo lagu gaadho nidaaminta xawaaraha ee matoorada DC-ga ee taxana ah – xakamaynta qulqulka, xakamaynta korantada, iyo xakamaynta iska caabinta hubka.

1. Habka Xakamaynta Flux

Habka xakamaynta qulqulka, rheostat (nooc ka mid ah resistor variable) ayaa si taxane ah ugu xidhan dabaylaha garoonka.Ujeedada qaybtan waa in la kordhiyo iska caabbinta taxanaha ah ee dabaylaha taas oo yarayn doonta qulqulka, taas oo kordhinaysa xawaaraha matoorka.

2. Habka Nidaaminta Korantada

Habka xeerbeegtida doorsoomaha ayaa caadiyan lagu isticmaalaa matoorada shunt dc.Waxaa jira, mar labaad, laba siyaabood oo lagu gaaro xakamaynta xakamaynta korantada:

• Ku xidhida garoonka shunt-ga korantada xiisaha leh ee go'an iyadoo la siinayo qalabka qalabka korontada ee kala duwan (aka kantaroolka korantada badan)
• Beddelka korontada la siiyo hubka (loo yaqaan habka Ward Leonard)

3. Habka Xakamaynta Iska caabinta Armature

Xakamaynta iska caabbinta hubku waxay ku salaysan tahay mabda'a ah in xawaaraha matoorku uu si toos ah u siman yahay dhabarka EMF.Markaa, haddii danabka sahayda iyo iska caabbinta armature-ku lagu hayo qiime joogto ah, xawaaraha matoorku waxa uu si toos ah ula siman yahay cududda hadda jirta.